Human History Essays -- Informative, Civilizations

God began His greatest survive of creation. When God said, Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over exclusively the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground(Genesis 126).As with the story of Adam and Eve in the Hebrew Bible, their culture was to define the moral principles that people thought should govern their dealing with the necromantic world, with each separate, and with the rest of nature (Bulliet, et al. p.5). Evidences began to accumulate that military man being had preferably different origins somewhere in the nineteenth century. How can anyone count in evolution, how could they think that it was possible for humanity to exist after being evolved from apes? To believe that this statement is true is to also believe that God was an ape as well if we were created in his image. Evidences has also point disclose discoveries found of humans hold in o ther part of the continents by their paintings and engravings on stone from thousands of eld early on. Migrations from Africa early humans first expanded their range in east and southern Africa. They ventured out of Africa. This also points out that this new species displaced older human populations, such as the Neanderthals in Europe, and penetrated for the first time into the Americas, Australia, and the Arctic. People would get under ones skin been able to cross a land bridge from northeastern Asia in to North America, perhaps beginning around 18,000 B.C.E. some scholar involution it earlier or later (Bulliet, et al p.9).It is believe that some early colonizer of the Americas may also direct come by sauceboat along the Pacific coast. Some of these early colonizers of the Americas have migrated southwa... ... his crew of xc men departed Friday the third day of august of the year 1492 toward the regions of India.However, there was this question, Is the world flat? Whi ch bring up another question What is retentiveness the world up? And one man quest to find out the answer. The meaning of human history is to realize the purposes of God to make a paradise on earth, to prepare a people for a liveness in community with a loving and holy God and for all humanity to know who He is. Nevertheless, if Columbus had not decided to taken this voyage one of the consequences would be people of the New World would have been left without the potential knowledge of Christianity and what they needed to know for their salvation. Indians and all other people were converted to the faith of Jesus Christ by the prophesy of the word of God and by the example of good and holy living.

Technology And Your Right To Privacy :: essays research papers

applied science and the invasion of privacy and its effects onthe criminaljustice system everywherethe last 100 yearsWill searching the inter earn for much than 5 hours on this topic I found a ingeminate that is veryappropriate it saysSubtler and more far-reaching means of invading privacy become becomeavailable to thegovernment. Discovery and invention wipe out made it contingent for thegovernment, bymeans far more effective than stretching upon the rack, to defend disclosurein court ofwhat is whispered in the closet.US overbearing Court Justice Louis Brandies, 1928If Justice Brandeis could see the advances in technology, he would scorejust howprophetic his statement is. He would also be churn up by the newsurveillance technologiesthat go far beyond his wildest dreams. at once that the cold war is over,bureaucracy haslittle do but put over us from the cradle to the grave, from your bank accountsto thebedroom. Several of the technologies created by the defense dept. defe cate begunto creepinto law enforcement, various civilian eldncies and private companies. Thelaws on thebooks ar old in comparison and unable to protect us from violation of ourrights.I the old west there was no system to confirm track of criminals. If some peerlesswas wanted hepicture was posted with a reward. If convicted he was sentenced to what thejudge feltwas appropriate.In the early 60s surveillance and tracking was a slow tidious process ofmanual and/orclerical work. To absorb a persons activities you had to physically followthem, or searchthrough volumes of bank note files. It was necessary to cope with every one yoursuspect came incontact with. to learn his habits. Electronic surveillance was on a one toone basis if yourdept was lucky enough to have it. As an example, it took 500,000 east Germansecretinformers and 10,000 transcribers just to listen in on its citizensconversations.Computers capable of storing gravid amounts of data have revolutionized the earth ofsu rveillance. The law enforcement benefits are enormous, and governmentbureaucracieshave been able to expand their reach and efficiency.Will technology was expanding private art was also researching itsuses. Hugecompanies offering credit cards, telephone service, banking and many new(prenominal)consumerservices began to use computers with massive storage capacity.In this day and age information on every person in the developed world iscomputerizedand stored in several if not hundreds of computers. Your information iscollected,analyzed and disseminated to..... With computer net works, the net andlinks, it is possiblenow to track everyone with a single acknowledgement number, your socialsecurity number.With your specific identifier everything about you can be instanteravailable. Becausemedical, dental, financial and general information is stored in the data

Aggression as a Negative

Aggression is viewed by many as a negative response in sport, but theories of why onset occurs contravene each other. Evaluate critically theories of infringement that seek to explain why negative responses often occur in sporting situations Use working examples for the theories you evaluate. Aggression is any behaviour outside the rules of the game that aims to harm an undivided that is motivated to avoid such harm. Some skills appear self-asserting for example, a slide tackle in football, however they are perfectly heavy in the games rules so it is not seen as aggressive behaviour.Possible negative responses relating to aggression are caused by actual/perceived unfairness, defeat at performance, displaced aggression from other sources, pressure to win, retaliation, copying others, nature of the game, reaction to a unlike crowd, being on the losing team and previous ill-feeling (derby game). There are 4 theories of aggression Instinct Theory, Social Learning Theory, Frustr ation Aggression system and Aggression Cue Hypothesis.Instinct Theory (Freud) suggests that behaviour is predictable, familialally inherited and it is the quality view of behaviour. According to this theory, we can tell which players and when they willing perform aggressive acts. This says that everyone has aggression within them, it is just a continual sp remove a penny-up of energy that ineluctably to be bring ond done catharsis, for example, small lashes out at an foe to release pressure (Lorenz). However this theory completely disregards an environmental stimulus that we have a go at it exists.Social Learning Theory (Bandura) suggests that behaviour is learned from our environment, for example we observe behaviours through a role model, we perform the behaviour (copy) then this mode of behaviour becomes accepted through reinforcement. For example, young footballer copies Wayne Rooney and kicks out at an opposition player, then gets praise from team-mates, this behaviour is reinforced, then the young player will do it more to create this sort of response again.This theory does the reversion of Instinct Theory and accepts the environmental stimuli however disregards the genetic influence, that we also sleep together exists. These next two are Interactionist Theories that aim to combine environmental and genetic influences. Frustration Aggression Hypothesis suggests that frustration occurs when our goal-directed behaviour is blocked, and on that point is more frustration if the behaviour is outcome orientated. This hypothesis suggests that environmental build ups create a biological reaction as a releasing release, if this release fails then we become more aggressive.For example, Jordan Mutch of Cardiff blocked Wayne Rooney from getting olden so Wayne Rooney (goal blocked), Wayne Rooney got frustrated, Kicked out at Mutch and received a yellow board as punishment, this cathartic release failed. Aggression Cue Hypothesis suggests that frustratio n is equal to arousal it creates a readiness for aggression. This aggression will scarce occur upon environmental cue. For example in football, being on the receiving end of a bad tackle provides the environmental cue which will change magnitude arousal. If there is the presence of aggression, chances of aggression are increased dramatically.

Encourage Foreigners to Invest in Philippine Real Estate Market

Topic Encourage Foreigners to Invest in Philippine Real arena Market Real estate task is a very profitable and capital intensive venture. It is not for just any bingle, however completely when for those who declare financial capacity and go forthingness to procure real properties. Real retention whitethorn come in the form of grease ones palms and lead astray, or solely renting and make money out of it. Kn receive as one of the most vibrant real estate grocery stores in Asia, the Philippines growing parsimoniousness consistently sustained its growth despite the global sparing recession. The countrys real estate industry has been receiving positive remarks from various analysts across the globe.The reflection of its success, in general rooted to the countrys excellent financing services, good capitalization and pro-business climate drives both real estate investors to provide the best real estate solutions for indigences of the market. The real estate industry has been increasing socio-economic class on year and this is characterized by the dynamic growth and upsurge of condo development across Metro Manila. This growth is fuelled by the increasing overseas Filipino workers remittances as well as new investors who take advantage of the benefits of the low stakes rates in the housing market.The influx of condominium development across Metro Manila also validates the soaring demand for residential options, which is surrounded by renting an apartment and owning a home in the city. Various advance(a) unit designs and concepts are being offered in the market to suit menses trends in housing and lifestyle preferences of todays market. This increasing realtors self-confidence to Philippine real estate industry is brought by the improving economy, writ of execution of good governance among private and public sectors, and the reform inspired giving medication of the new administration.Presently, the real estate market is banking on two st udy components (1) remittances of overseas Filipino workers and (2) continuous growth demand by the expanding business process outsourcing industry in the country. Aside from having an coronation that never depreciate, put in real estate in the Philippines would give foreigners additional investiture portfolio in a much lower cost compared if they invest it in their own land. The cost of living in the Philippines is relatively lower compared to other(a) nations, and therefore, foreigners can have more value for their money, which in turn increases their investment opportunities.That would be considered hitting two birds with one stone. The economic view on the Philippine real estate market is seen to be growing, and it pass on continue to grow in the next five to ten geezerhood brought by the ensuing business process outsourcing industry. BPO is becoming one of the indigenous sources of income of the young working population in the country today. Owning/Investing Options for Foreigners whatsoever foreigner can lease, deprave and own with 100% proprietorship rights on condominium units only.As far as the law is concerned, every piece of land of the Philippines is for the Filipino only. For investment purposes, foreigners may also lease or buy building offices for business purposes, like those being rented out to others. In as much as there are limitations being followed by foreigners when drop the Philippine real estate market, there are also slipway on how they can easily own one. (1) Lease a keeping foreigners can lease a property from short to long-term as long as both parties to contract mutually agree. Leased properties may be subleased to other tenants.This form of business operation may be considered as legal operation and foreigners can take advantage of. (2) Be get hitched with to a Philippine citizen once a foreigner is married to a Philippine citizen, the rights to own a land becomes a conjugal. It may seem to be the fastest and least cost among other options. (3) acquire the property from a deceased Philippine spouse once married, but suddenly the Philippine citizen spouse died. In this situation, the foreigner spouse unitedly with the other surviving heirs will be the immediate heir and owner of the property left behind. 4) Purchase land as Balikbayan some Filipinos who have stayed abroad and eventually availed of another citizenship, may still buy and own properties. It is also possible to own property if the parents or relatives wanted to lurch their property ownership to a Balikbayan. (5) Buy condominium units foreigners can buy condominium units, in the same way as a Philippine citizen acquires condominium unit. Some foreigners can also do trading of condominium units. They can do buy and sell business operation, wherein they will buy a barely finished unit, dress it up and fill with furnitures, and sell at a premium or lease it out. 6) Form a mountain this option opens the opportunity for foreigne rs to invest in land, but, it is a must, that the corporation be composed of at least 60% Filipino and only 40% for foreigners. The majority stakeholder should still be Filipinos. After enumerating the ways on how foreigners can invest in the Philippine real estate market, it is assertive for them to know the basic information and obligations when investing in real property. outset thing is the preparation for tax obligations. Non-resident foreigners who acquire property may be assessed with 5% 32% of taxes, depending on the nature of the transaction.Another consideration is the documentary requirements unavoidable for the processing of transferring of ownership to a foreign national. There are documents that need to be authenticated by the Philippine Consulate from their country. Overview of the Real Estate coronation Trust (REIT) The efforts of passing the REIT Law will open another ordinary for foreigners opportunity to invest in the Philippine real estate market. REIT is o utlined as a corporation engaged in business whose income will be generated from owning or managing real estate.Through this REIT, the country will be precondition a better and bigger opportunity to join the global market of real estate investment markets, and foreigners can take their part in. Since it is not yet passed as law, the regulations, rules and limitations are still unknown. Another positive contributor to success of the real estate sector is the proliferation of establishment of special economic zones across the country. The government provides incentives to companies who patronize economic zones, and this attracts more foreign bodied clients and brings their business process outsourcing facilities here.

Consider the benefits and challenges of social media amongst young Australians Essay

The use of brotherly media by two-year-old Australians has come increasingly popular. This essay will show that kind media sight father many benefits to boylike Australians by enabling them to engage with peers, the creativeness it brings come in and enhanced learning opportunities. Cyber blustery and privacy issues are some of the challenges that goat arise with the use of social media. One of the benefits of social media is the ability to attribute and engage with others. Keeping in touch with friends and family who live far out-of-door throne be made a lot easier by communication through social media by manduction updates, photos, videos, and messages.In 2008, Facebook reported having 67 million active users, with more than half of them returning daily and expense an average 20 minutes per day on the site. brotherly media provides new(a) muckle with the right tool to be able-bodied to illuminate new relationships as well as strengthened existing relationships. The severe sense of community and belonging fostered by SNS social networking services has the potential to promote resilience, which helps young people to successfully adapt to change and stressful events. Social media is a significant tool for enabling creativity and innovation for young Australians. by dint of social media they are able to develop a diverse celestial orbit of skills such as editing content, interactive blogging, encourage the creation and sharing of poetry, arts, photography, and video content. A study conducted coda year by the University of atomic number 25 suggested that using social networking sites improved technology and communication skills, boosted creativity and candid students to new and diverse world views. These students in like manner tended to do better in exams. Education through social media has great benefits for young people.Being able to learn everything from foreign languages to how to write a computer code and everything in between. So cial networking services can facilitate learning and skill cultivation outside formal learning environments by supporting peer-to-peer learning of companionship and skills, collaboration, diverse cultural expression, the development of skills valued in the modern employment , and a more empowered conception of citizenship. Cyber bullying on social media is a risk for young Australians. Cyber bullying is purposely using social media to communicate wrong, humiliating, or hostile information about another soulfulness.The closely frequently used nature of harassments are name calling and gossiping. thirty three percent of youth reported an online harassment in the last year. Young people usually react by computer simulation to ignore it, by really ignoring it or by reacting and bullying the bully. Cyber bullying is quite common and can occur to any young person online. Cyber bullying can have devastating effects to a young person including depression, anxiety, isolation and suicid e. The improper use of social media by young Australians can put their privacy at risk.The volume and accessibility of face-to-face information available on social media have attracted malicious people who seek to exploit this information. Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post on social media inappropriate messages, pictures, and videos of themselves and others without understanding that it could precede in future reputations being damaged. Adults are concerned about invasion of privacy, while teens freely give up personal information. sharing too much information on social media can also make young people easier targets for marketers and fraudsters.Communicating and sharing information on social media to someone who you do not know their identity can be very dangerous as this sort of behaviour can attract online predators. To conclude, it is clear young Australians are set about with many benefits and challenges when using social media. From cyber bul lying and privacy issues social media opens up avenues for problems but along with these challenges come opportunities for young people to learn in many different ways and express themselves creatively. It is up to the user how they lack to engage and use social media.

Bass Pro Shops

posit a S. W. O. T. analysis for low-pitched master bewrays. What types of strategies do you recommend found on your analysis? Strengths (companys internal factors from resources and capabilities)- cryptic professional Shops buzz off a competitive advantage, which in the text is defined as a firm has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better than a competitors mix (Perreault et al, 2011 p. 47). The way that abstruse professional person Shops has this competitive advantage is that its stack aways allow become a touring car attraction making clients want to go into their stores to mystify the unique purlieu that incorporates attractions and learning opportunities.In addition, low Pro Shops have gained recognition for their outstanding customer service. The people that they employ have been trained and have the expertise in the departments that they atomic number 18 assigned to. bass Pro Shops is different from crude(prenominal) competitors because it offe rs educational workshops on hobbies and debauched activities. Addition each(prenominal)y, Bass Pro Shops are much larger than traditional outdoor outfitters, which spare them to offer a broader range of archive and merchandise.By allowing the customer to use an indoor fishing pond or the shooting range to try out certain returns before making a decision, Bass Pro Shops chiffonier eliminate the tension called dissonance that legion(predicate) shoppers feel after making a purchase (p. 164). Weaknesses (companys resources and capabilities)- Bass Pro Shop could verbalism weaknesses if they are unable to hire the experient people with the great customer service that they require. Sometimes it could be dangerous to find both qualities in a person.If they are unable to fold up customer service representatives with the high level of experience they desire, they could overcome this hassle through a structured training program. The crude(prenominal) problem they could showcase is high prices. Because they are a higher quality store with a larger and higher-paid staff, their prices are obviously going to be higher than other similar sporting good stores. Customers knowing beforehand of the higher prices expertness avoid a chew up to a Bass Pro Shop altogether to avoid purchasing over-priced merchandise.In addition, an experienced shopper may know precisely what they need for their activity of choice and may realize that the item can be purchased at a common retail store such(prenominal) as Dicks Sporting Goods, Gander Mountain, or even Wal-Mart. Lastly, with the store being as large as it is, some shoppers may visible horizon it as a burden to pick up just a few things because they dont want to spend all daylight in the store. Customers may find it easier to go to a local sporting good store to purchase sporting goods rather than travel to Bass Pro Shop and make a whole day event.Bass Pro can overcome this by advertising its online store as a conveni ence to customers. Opportunities (emerge from external environment, customers and competitors) The opportunities that Bass Pro Shop has include acquire the customers in the door because they are considered a family-friendly tourist attraction. Bass Pro Shops have activities, themed restaurants, and entertainment, which can provide something that will appeal to each portion of a family.The money that they aim into their stores to make them different from others makes them more(prenominal) inviting to customers. It would be important for Bass Pro Shops to advertise in a great distance from the store to try and reach out to travelers that power stop by the store on a road trip. Bass Pro Shops offer the education experience as well as the shopping experience may help a customer to set to visit their store instead of the competitors because its a one-stop shop.Lastly, having skilled and highly-trained employees to assist the customers allows for new products to reach the attention of consumers for example, if a family enters the store with the end to purchase camp out gear, an experienced camping fancier, the employee, may recommend additional products based on his or her camping experiences, which will generate more sales. Threats (emerge from external environment, customers and competitors) A major threat for Bass Pro Shops is the economy.With the economy in a downturn it makes it a lot more difficult for people to free spending the money on things that they really do not need. And since these stores are not all over you go it causes people to travel long distances in order to visit, which means they have to spend additional money on fuel to get there. The gas prices have been increasing to amounts that have put a damper on a lot of peoples travel plans. With all of the economic problems some customers are going to go somewhere that is more local and better in their price range.In addition, Bass Pro Shops face threats from traditional and specialty spo rting stores, mass-merchandisers, and catalog and Internet-based retailers. These merchandise providers are everywhere and the 50 Bass Pro Shops that are currently in the join States and Canada can be quite a distance for the outdoor enthusiast that already knows what he or she may need. Furthermore, the consumer who enters a store with the intention to only touch and / or play with an item that he or she ultimately plans to purchase online threatens all retail stores.We would recommend that Bass Pro Shops continue to make their stores unique however, making a few smaller stores with some of the same features, lower prices, and closer to large shopping centers would allow customers to experience the environment, which may entice them to visit the larger stores. I cerebrate that since they are such a popular store people would visit the smaller stores, purchase merchandise, and take some of the classes that were offered. . Can you think of retailers in other categories that might s uccessfully emulate the format and execution of Bass Pro Shops? As the video case states, the marriage between retail and entertainment is here to stay (p. 635). Although there are not other retailers that have successfully emulated the format and execution of Bass Pro Shops, down the stairs is a list of companies that attempt to create a unique experience for the consumer. a.Build-a-Bear Workshops let kids personalize their stuffed animals. b. Mall of America is more than just a shopping mall it is also a tourist destination. The mall is on the extreme side in that it houses 520 stores, 50 restaurants, and attractions galore, including Nickelodeon Universe, the nations largest theme commonalty, and the new American Girl store. The Mall of America doesnt just have stores and restaurants like other malls it also has a large theme park and an aquarium. . Home Depot and Hobby Lobby have DIY teaching workshops. d. Macys cosmetic department and Bare Minerals stores are set up so that p roducts can be tried before they are purchased. e. IKEA stage their products as actual rooms instead of simply grouping by product f. Abercrombie and Fitch usually have a unique entrance, loud new-age music, and new hip-looking sales associates to attract its target audience

Phillips

Denise Phillips, revise 25 July 2012 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 Why Hazaras flee An historic perspective of their persecution1 Submission for the G e rattlingwherenments Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Denise Phillips BA (Hons), PhD Candidate, Univer investy of bracing England, 19 July 2012 Quetta be alike discussed. The roundtime(pre zero(prenominal)nal) ethnic and sacred animosity against minority Shiite Hazaras continues to drive the bloodshed today. When we dismission our esponsibilities offshore, vilify refugees and pursue a punitive style of deterrence as a solution, we ignore these past and present atrocities. Executive summary This theme gives historical information just ab come out of the closet the kickoff ground, Afghanistan. As minority Shiites, Hazaras veritable persecution is borne out of an unresolved, century-old spectral and ethnic hatred of them. This has resulted in massacres, dispossession of their lands and decades of charge discrimination. Their persecution was fiercely reignited during the civil war and by the Taliban in the 1990s.Understanding that hi written report is vituperative to political. Not only be Hazaras dying on boats, but excessively in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Australia must respond to this over-all crisis with tender-heartedity rather than punitive measures. I alimentation the recommendations made in the Asylum Seeker Resource nerve centers submission and the Open Letter. As Afghanistan moves towards a possible Taliban coalescency or faces growing lawlessness, and as Hazaras continue to be slain or attacked in Hazara-populated regions and in neighbouring Quetta, Hazaras are likely to continue to flee and ingest grounds under the 1951 Refugee Convention to affright persecution.Introduction In addressing the problem of initiation renderers risking their lives on boat move aro unds to Australia, the reasons for their flight should remain at the forefront of policy-making and political debate. I offer an historical overview of a key source country, Afghanistan, and of the origins of Hazaras persecution. Current crises in both Afghanistan and Abdur Rahmans subjugation of Hazaras in the 19th century After the traditionally dominant Pashtuns and the Tajiks, Hazaras are the third largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, although a minority. The Hazaras traditionally live in theHazarajat, a loosely defined region within the central highlands. While some 85 percent of Afghanistans world follow Sunni Islam, about Hazaras are Shiite Muslims, causing them to be condemned as infidels at different points throughout history. 2 Their suffering began in earnest in the late 1800s. The Hazaras were a semi- self-reliant society living in Afghanistans central highlands, the Hazarajat. The entire Hazara population possibly numbered over half a million, with about 340,000 fa milies in the Hazarajat. Although not a cohesive group, most were Shiites and spoke theHazaragi language, a derivative of Dari. In contrast, their surrounding ethnic groups were mostly Sunni Muslims and spoke Pashto or Dari. 3 Against a backdrop of imperial tensions betwixt Britain and Czarist Russia, Britain helped install an anti-Russian Pashtun, ameer Abdur Rahman (1880-1901), on the throne in expectant of Afghanistan in 1880. In amid British India and Russia. 4 exchange for a British annual subsidy, Afghanistan was to provide a buffer zone In the previous century, the Pashtun tribal ruler, Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747-1773), had already established a pattern of subjugating sub-groups and new(prenominal) ethnic groups within he region. To bring Afghanistans legion(predicate) different tribes under a modify authority, Abdur Rahman proclaimed the Durrani Pashtuns as supreme and mobilised Sunni Islam with a patriotic xenophobia. Condemning Shiite Hazaras as infidels, Rahid Rahma n 1 Over-all notes drawn from Denise Phillips, From Afghanistan to Australia An oral history of loss and hope among Hazara refugees, PhD thesis, University of New England, Armidale (forthcoming) Denise Phillips, Wounded memory of Hazara refugees from Afghanistan Remembering and forgetting persecution, tarradiddle Australia, vol. , no. 2, stately 2011, pp. 177-198 and Denise Phillips, Hazaras persecution worsens pass on the new establishment show leadership by lifting the suspension on Afghani asylum claims? , Australian Policy and invoice, August 2010, http//www. aph. org. au/files/articles/hazarasPersecution. htm. 2 William Maley, auspices, People Smuggling and Australias New Afghan Refugees, Working Paper no. 63, p. 8 M. Hassan Kakar, The pacification of the Hazaras, in M. Hassan Kakar, A Political and Diplomatic History of Afghanistan, 1863-1901, Leiden, 2006, p. 26. 3 Sayed Askar Mousavi, The Hazaras of Afghanistan An Historical, Cultural, stinting and Political Study, Ric hmond, 1998, p. 114 Kakar, The pacification of the Hazaras, pp. 120-122, 126. Amin Saikal, with care from Ravan Farhadi &038 Kirill Nourzhanov, Modern Afghanistan A History of Struggle and Survival, London, 2004, pp. 6, 7, 12. 4 1 2 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 rallied interchangeiers and tribal levies to quash Hazara rebellions in the Afghan-Hazara wars of 1891-1893.Hazaras were slain, ball upd and exchange into thraldom. Soldiers piled Hazaras read/write heads into towers to warn others against dissent, and some were skinned to death or had their tongues cut out. Although slavery was banned in 1895, many remained enslaved until King Amanullahs emancipation laws were passed in the 1920s. Much of the Hazarajat was decimated, and their agricultural economy crushed. Starving, some ate grass and sold their children for wheat to survive. The Hazaras were fined for rebelling and taxed haphazardly. All facets of Afghani governance, s ociety and law conspired against Hazaras, seeking to destroy their property, tribal systems, religion and socialisation. Rahid Rahman attempted to impose Sunni Islam and demanded that qazis (judges) and muftis (Islamic leaders) in various districts single-valued function only Hanafi, a Sunni Islamic legal system, for dealing with Hazaras. To depopulate the Hazarajat, the government issued firmans, royal decrees, authorising Pashtun nomads, Kuchis, to access Hazaras lands for grazing their livestock. mayhap several tens of thousands fled to Central Asia, and Balochistan in what is now Pakistan. Victorious, Rahid Rahman demeaned the Hazaras and claimed that Afghanis saw them as enemies of their country and religion,7 laying the stand for a century of persecution to the present. Marginalisation in the twentieth century consequent governments lose since marginalised Hazaras. Under the banner of nationalism in the early 1900s, belief Pashtuns tried to assert their identity, culture and history over all other ethnic groups. The Hazarajat was removed from official maps and lands were divided into five responsiblenesss to weaken the Hazaras political authority.King Nadir Shah (1929-1933) outlawed the promotion of Hazara history and culture, 5 Peter Marsden, Afghanistan Minorities, negate and the Search for Peace, London, 2001, p. 6 Saikal, Modern Afghanistan, pp. 5, 12, 17, 35-39 Kakar, The pacification of the Hazaras, pp. 120122, 132-137 Burchard Brentjes &038 Helga Brentjes, Taliban A Shadow over Afghanistan, Varanasi, 2000, p. 75 Mousavi, The Hazaras of Afghanistan, pp. 101, 120-129, 131-136. 6 Kakar, The pacification of the Hazaras, pp. 137, 138 Lenard Milich, The Behsud conflicts in Afghanistan A blueprint to parry further clashes in 2009 and beyond, Eurasia Critic, June 2009, pp. , 3, http//www. eurasiacritic. com/articles, accessed 10 June 2010 Alessandro Monsutti, trans. Patrick Camiller, War and Migration Social Net cash in ones chipss and Economic S trategies of the Hazaras of Afghanistan, New York, 2005, p. 105. 7 Mir Munshi Sultan Mahomed Khan (ed. ), The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan, with a new introduction by M. E. Yapp, vol. 1, Karachi, 1980 (1900), pp. 276-279, 282-284. imprisoning or executing intellectuals who wrote on the subject. authorized policies tried to strip names associated with the Hazaras from historical archives. Between the 1930s nd 1970s, the Anjom-e Tarikh (Historical Society), aided by the Pashto Tolana (Pashto Academy), rewrote much of Afghanistans official histories. Signifi push asidet texts were as well reportedly burnt-out. Until 1978, the Hazaras were marginalised, taxed indiscriminately, and denied equal rights and vital infrastructure in their villages. 8 causality president of Afghanistan Dr Najibullah (1986-1992) acknowledged their suffering, saying that the most difficult and lowliest paid jobs, poverty, illiteracy, amicable and nationalist committed, and bloodshed continues t o this day. discrimination were the lot of the Hazara people. No justice was gained for atrocities mow downs during the civil war and Taliban regime Hazaras became politically mobilised in the 1980s and defend since gained greater political representation. However, their persecution was brutally re-ignited during the civil war by gibe ethnic groups and by the Taliban. In 1993, soldiers under command of the Rabbani government (1992-1996) targeted the fort of the Hazaras political party, the Hizb-e Wahdat, in Afshar, a district in West capital of Afghanistan with a large Hazara population. Soldiers, however, turned against civilians. After a frenzy of looting, rape vote outed or remain missing. 10 nd summary executions driven by ethnic hatred, slightly 700-750 Hazaras were Persecution intensified under the Taliban regime (1996-2001) as its soldiers in advance(p) into Afghanistans north and the Hazarajat. Not only do Hazaras shun the Islamist beliefs of the Taliban, the Taliban are recruited mostly from the Pashtun group, the Hazaras traditional enemy. (In reverse, organism Pashtun does not automatically equal Taliban view as and millions of Pashtuns occupy also suffered within Afghanistans 8 Hafizullah Emadi, The Hazaras and their role in the process of political transformation in Afghanistan, Central Asian Survey, vol. 6, no. 3, 1997, pp. 363-371 Mousavi, The Hazaras of Afghanistan, pp. 5-8, 155-174, 218 Saikal, Modern Afghanistan, pp. 111-113, 283. Hazaras cite Puta Khazana (The Hidden Treasure), published in 1960, as an congresswoman of a controversial or fictitious history funded by the government which promoted Pashtun superiority. 9 Quoted in Mousavi, The Hazaras of Afghanistan, p. 162 10 Mousavi, The Hazaras of Afghanistan, pp. 198, 199 Human Rights Watch, Blood-Stained Hands Past Atrocities in capital of Afghanistan and Afghanistans Legacy of Impunity, New York, 2005, pp. 70-100. Numbers cod neer been accurately ascertained.One Hazara websit e estimates that approximately 1,000 were killed or remain missing. See Afshar and Kateh Sahe massacre, Hazara. moolah, 2009 http//www. hazara. net/taliban/genocide/afshar/afshar. html, accessed 19 June 2010. 3 4 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 conflicts. ) In 1998, in retaliation for war crimes committed by the United Front (of which Hazaras were a part) against Taliban soldiers, the Taliban slaughtered approximately 2,000 or more than Hazaras in Mazar-e Sharif. Civilians were killed in residential areas and trade places, some dying with their throats slit.Highlighting the accompanying religious hatred, Taliban governor Mullah Manon Niazi had publicly incited the attack, preaching that, Hazaras are not Muslim. You can kill them. It is not a sin. Hazaras were reportedly warned to take lessons from their own history, and to every convert, flee or be killed. Hundreds fled the dread of Mazar-e Sharif. Massacres continued, with Taliban sol diers rounding up civilians in the Yakaolang district in 2001, publicly executing at to the lowest degree 170, many of whom were Hazaras. Near Robatak Pass, the Taliban also executed at least 31 civilians, with 26 confirmed to be Hazaras. 1 A resurgent Taliban After more than a decade, American and NATO forces have failed to bring peace and a withdrawal method is imminent. Regrouping since 2001, the Taliban is now made up of an alliance of three Islamist groups the Quetta Shura Taliban, the Haqqani Ne devilrk, and Hezb-i Islami Gulbuddin, an insurgency draw by the US Department of Defence as resilient and evolving. 12 With safe havens for terrorism in western Pakistan, the insurgency entertains strongholds in gray and eastern regions of Afghanistan, and has been expanding to the west and north. 3 The Talibans clear presence in Shinwari district of Parwan province, less than a few hours from Kabul, was demonstrated with newsworthiness work week of the Talibans execution of a y oung woman on adultery charges. 14 Terror in the Hazarajat Analysts recently deemed Ghazni to be among the most volatile provinces in southern Afghanistan. 15 In 2006, a occasion governor was assassinated, and in 2007, the Taliban held 23 southwest Koreans hostage. Located in Ghazni province is Jaghori, an Hazara- populated district and former home of many Hazara refugees now in Australia. Jaghori nd Hazara-populated Malistan are surrounded by Pashtun areas under Taliban control. In June 2010, the Taliban reportedly distributed nightletters, a method of intimidation, to districts within Ghazni province, warning that the main road out of Jaghori to Kabul is now closed. Residents need to travel beyond Jaghori for medical, commercial, study and work reasons, but travel is now perilous. Taliban routinely search travellers on the Qarabagh-Jaghori road. Travellers have been tortured, detained and some have gone missing. Their vehicles have been stolen and the road is periodically closed .Many fear a repeat of the Talibans 1997 road blockade of essential supplies. Additionally, Jaghori potently supports education, with numerous high inculcates and primary and middle schools. The Taliban, however, have targeted schools. For example, in July 2010, the Taliban attacked and burnt schools in Tamki, Jaghori district, and in Qarabagh district. The Taliban also killed Syed Sekander Muhammadi, the head teacher of a school in Shaki Nuka, in Qarabagh district, as he travelled to Ghazni. 16 In nearby Oruzgan province, the decapitated corpses of 11 Hazara males were iscovered in the Khas Oruzgan district on 25 June 2010. Police official Mohammed Gulab Wardak reported that the Taliban killed them because they were ethnic Hazaras and Shiite Muslims. 17 This occurred in the very province where Australias Defence Personnel have been deployed in a security and reconstruction role, showing the dire 11 Human Rights Watch, Afghanistan The Massacre in Mazar-I Sharif, vol, 10, no. 7(C), November 1998, http//www. unhcr. org/refworld/docid/45c9a4b52. html, accessed 18 June 2010 Human Rights Watch, Massacres of Hazaras in Afghanistan, vol. 13, no. (C), February 2001, http//www. hrw. org/bequest/reports/2001/afghanistan/, accessed 18 June 2010 Peter Marsden, Afghanistan Minorities, Conflict and the Search for Peace, London, 2001, p. 22 Mullah Manon Niazi quoted in On genocide of Hazaras, Hazara. net, January 2011, http//www. hazara. net/taliban/taliban. html, accessed 18 July 2012. 12 Department of Defense, make Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan Report to Congress in Accordance with 2008 case Defense Authorisation Act (Section 1230, Public Law 110-181), USA, January 2009, p. 7, http//www. efense/gov/pubs/OCTOBER_1230_FINAL_pdf, accessed 12 August 2010. 13 Maria Golovnina, Factbox Insurgency in Afghanistan Who are they? , 25 phratry 2009, Reuters, http//www. reuters. com/article/idUSTRE58O2F620090925, accessed 12 August 2010. Dylan Welch &038 Ben Doherty, God tells us to finish her Taliban cue world they are no spent force, The Sydney Morning Herald, 10 July 2012, p. 1. 14 threat to Hazaras, eve alongside a broader military presence. 15 William Maley, On the position of the Hazara minority in Afghanistan, 28 June 2010, posted on Welcome to Ataullahs Page, http//ataullahnaseri. ordpress. com/2010/06/28/on-the-position-of-the-hazara-minority, accessed 5 August 2010. 16 doubting Thomas Ruttig, A new, new Taliban front, Foreign Policy, 21 June 2010, http//afpak. foreignpolicy. com/posts/2010/06/21/a_new_new_taliban_front_0, accessed 5 August 2012 Ahmed Rashid, Taliban Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia, New Haven, 2000, p. 67 Abdul Karim Hekmat, Unsafe haven Hazaras in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Special report, University of Technology Sydney, October 2011, pp. 18, 19. 17 Tahereh Ghanaati, The Hazara shambles in Afghanistan, Press TV, 27 June 2010, http//www. resstv. ir/pop/Print/? id=132225, accessed 28 June 2010 I smail Sameem &038 Jonathon Burch, Police find 11 beheaded bodies in Afghan South, 25 June 2010, Reuters, http//www. reuters. com/article/idUSTRE65O2ML20100625, accessed 28 June 2010. 5 6 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 Hazaras. Although the Taliban denied involvement, Afghani analyst Ahmad Shuja fears In Maidan Wardak province, land disputes between Hazaras and Kuchis oftentimes erupt each summer but have worse in recent age.Kuchis have been arriving in the Behsud and Daimirdad districts heavily armed for conflict. Kuchis weigh the aforementioned decrees issued under Abdur Rahman entitle them to access, while many Hazaras have never accepted the loss of full rights over their land. Consequently, Hazaras have been killed and their homes burnt. In 2008, approximately 60,000 people were displaced, and in may 2010, a report estimated that 1,800 families had been displaced, 68 homes burnt, and 28 schools closed, leaving10,000 students with out school facilities.As nomads, the Kuchi are also a minority group, but hold up to the traditionally dominant Pashtun group. It is feared that the Taliban may be exploiting the past to incite attacks by their fellow Pashtuns, the Kuchi, against Hazaras. The Karzai government has either largely ignored repeated Hazara pleas for assistance or has been impotent in stopping the violence, sparking worldwide protests by Hazaras. 18 These crises cannot be dismissed as internal land disputes rather, they stem from the nineteenth century acts of conquest, dispossession and persecution and another governments marginalisation of Hazaras.Terror in Kabul Brutal assaults also have occurred recently in Kabul. On 6 declination 2011, a suicide bomber killed at least 56 Shiites pilgrims worshipping at the Abdul Fazal Abbas Shrine in the Murad Khani district in Kabul during commemorations for Ashura, the holiest day of Muharram. On the same day, a bomb attached to a bicycle exploded, killing Shii te pilgrims in Mazar-e Sharif and bringing the death toll to 60. A spokesperson for Lashkar-e Jhangvi (LeJ) claimed responsibility via piano tuner Free Europe.LeJ, formed in 1996, is a militant Sunni Deobandi Islamist group based in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Among links with numerous terror groups, it has a close relationship with Afghani Taliban and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Most killed and wound were 18 Lenard Milich, The Behsud conflicts in Afghanistan A blueprint to avoid further clashes in 2009 and beyond, Eurasia Critic, June 2009, pp. 1-3, http//www. eurasiacritic. com/articles, accessed 10 June 2010 Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, AIHRC grave concern about armed onflict between Kochies and native inhabitants of Behsood district of Maidan Wardak, Kabul Press, 22 May 2010, http//kabulpress. org/my/spip. php? article11725, accessed 9 August 2010 UNAMA silent on Kuchi attack in Behsud, Hazaristan Times, 21 May 2010, http//hazaristantimes. wordpress . com/2010/05/21/unama-silent-on-Kuchi-attack-in-behsud, accessed 6 August 2010. the attacks leave alone inflame religious tensions, echoing a recent past in which the Taliban massacred thousands of Hazaras. 19 increase bloodshed in Quetta, PakistanSince the nineteenth century, Hazaras have traditionally fled or migrated to Quetta, the capital of Balochistan province, in what is now Pakistan. Quetta has long been a second home for Hazaras some live there as permanent Pakistani citizens, others as refugees. Possibly 30,000-50,000 Hazara refugees now live in Pakistan after fleeing the Taliban in 1996. Over the survive decade, however, Shiite Hazaras in Balochistan have been dying in an escalating spate of sectarian attacks, often occurring daily. LeJ have distributed leaflets condemning Shiites as infidels.Proclaiming their right under Islam to kill them, LeJ publicly state that they will continue acting against Shiites. One of its leaders, Milak Ishaque, had 40 mangle charges pend ing against him after serving 15 years imprisonment he was released on 14 July 2011. Hazaras and the Asian Human Rights Commission report that the Pakistani government, army and law enforcement impunity. 20 authorities are failing to act, openly allowing the banned terror organisation to kill with These are but a few examples in a litany of bloody attacks. Eight Hazaras were slain inPoodgali Chowk in 2001, and 12 Hazara policeman killed in Sariab, in 2003. On 20 family line 2011, armed men intercepted a bus in the Ganjidori area of Mastung, southeasterly of Quetta. It carried 45, mostly Shiite, pilgrims travelling to Taftan, Iran. Ordering them off the bus, gunmen shot those identifying themselves as Shiites in the head, chest and abdomen. Twenty-nine Shiites were killed and five escaped. An hour 19 Ernesto Londono, loads dead in rare attack on Shiite mosque in Kabul, The Washington Post, 6 December 2011, http//www. washingtonpost. om/world/rare-attack-in-kabul-targets-shiitemosq ue/2011/12/06/gIQAVnEkYO_print, accessed 7 December 2011 Lashkar-e Jhangvi (LeJ), Australian National Security, Australian Government, updated 15 March 2012, http//www. ema. gov. au/agd/ web/nationalsecurity. nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing _of_Terrorism_Organisations_Lashkar_I_Jhangvi, accessed 18 July 2012. 20 Lashkar-e Jhangvi (LeJ), Australian National Security Syed Shoaib Hasan, A year of suffering for Pakistans Shias, BBC News, Balochistan, 6 December 2011, http//www. bbc. co. k/news/worldasia-15928538, accessed 21 January 2012 Hekmat, Unsafe haven, pp. 20-23 The state of human rights in Pakistan in 2011, Asian Human Rights Commission, 2011, p. 42, http//www. AHRC-SPR008-2011-HRRptPakistan. pdf, accessed 18 July 2012. 7 8 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 later, gunmen killed 3 Shiites, believed to be victims relatives on their way to call in the bodies of their loved ones. LeJ claimed responsibility. 21 On 28 June 2012, a bomb husk killed Shiite pilgrims travelling by bus near a fruit market in the Hazarganji area of Quetta.Thirteen were killed and 30 injured, with most of the victims Hazaras. LeJ again claimed responsibility. Prominent leaders, professionals, intellectuals and policemen have been assassinated, along with a sportsman and artist. For example, Chairman of the Hazara Democratic Party, Hussain Ali Yousofi, was slain on 26 January 2011. The general Hazara population, including women and children, are now also being indiscriminately targeted. Australian Hazaras visiting relatives in Quetta speak of witnessing attacks on Hazara civilians in the streets and of a climate of terror.Abdul Karim Hekmat reports that over 500 Hazaras have been killed and over 1,500 injured as a result of targeted attacks in Pakistan since 2003. 22 Other sources cite even higher numbers. Failures of protection and continuing fear Afghanistans 2004 Constitution includes cautionary protection for human rights and Hazaras have gained prominent government positions. However, with critical failures to impose the rule of law beyond Kabul or even maintain it in Kabul reform has not translated to improved safety for Hazaras in remote villages. Insurgents do not recognise government law.Moreover, Afghani culture is bound up with traditions of governing and maintaining security through tribal and religious consensus, gained at district and community levels rather than through a centralize authority. In December 2009, the Karzai government also gazetted a law large(p) amnesty to all who committed war crimes in the past two decades of conflict, allowing alleged war criminals from various ethnicities to hold parliamentary positions with impunity. Professor William Maley cautions against tokenism, parameter that the inclusion of Hazaras within overnment has not brought about real changes. 23 History shows that the 1980s reforms which delivered greater equity for Hazaras did not stop the bloodshed which followed in the 1990s and beyond. That this is the sixth constitution since 1923 also exemplifies the fragility of Afghani reforms. preventative for minority groups requires broad social changes to address deeply-rooted tribal, religious and ethnic prejudices this is something that will take years. The possibility of a Taliban alliance with international support, set against the draw-down of troops, causes terror among many Hazaras. 24In summarising why Hazaras risk their lives on boats, an Hazara refugee says When the government and law enforcement agencies cant provide protection, when your house in Quetta or Afghanistan is on fire, when your home country becomes hell for you, when you cant go anywhere without the fear of being killed, when your religion and your facial features make you the easy target. When death is hovering over your head every day, then you dont have options but to flee, seek refuge, knock at other peoples door for help, sit on a leaky boat, choose a dangerous journey that possibly leads to death.Today the Hazara Shias (boat people, the asylum seekers) are in a state of discouragement and struggling for their survival as it is a basic human instinct. 25 Recommendations flee. I therefore make the following comments Based on the continuing and unresolved history of bloodshed, Hazaras will continue to 1) Given the need for duologue within a democratic process, I have reflected deeply on the current options being debated. However, we cannot participate in the trade of 21 Shehzad Baloch, sectary atrocity 29 killed in Mastung, Quetta ambushes, The Express Tribune, 21 September 2011, http//tribune. om. pk/story/256419/gunmen-attack-bus-in-balochistan-20killed/? print=true, accessed 22 September 2011. 22 Shia pilgrims bus attacked by a rocket near Quetta, 13 martyred over 30 injured, Jafria News, 29 June 2012, http//jafrianews. com/2012/06/29/shia-pilgrims-bus-attacked-by-a-rocket-near-quetta-13martyred-over-30-injured/, accessed 16 July 2012 Hazara Shia community on strike over Quetta attacks, BBC News, Asia, 29 June 2012, http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-18640945, accessed 16 July 2012 Blast kills 13, including Shia pilgrims, in Quetta, Dawn. om, 28 June 2012, http//dawn. com/2012/06/28/eight-including-policeman-killed-in-quetta-blast/, accessed 16 July 2012 Hekmat, Unsafe haven, p. 22 Informal discussions with Australian Hazaras. 23 William Maley, Radio interview conducted by Geraldine Doogue, Afghan Hazara, Breakfast, ABC Radio National, 13 April 2010, http//www. abc. net. au/radionational/programs/breakfast/afghanhazara/3039616, accessed 16 June 2010 Una Moore, UN human rights rep in Kabul calls for remove of war crimes amnesty, UN Dispatch, 30 March 2010, http//www. undispatch. om/un-human-rightsrep-in-kabul-calls-for-repeal-of-war-crimes-amnesty, accessed 11 June 2010 Department of Defense, Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, p. 11 Shahmahmood Miakhel, Understanding Afghanistan The importance of tribal culture and structure in security and governance, US make of Peace, November 2009, p. 1. 24 Sonya Hepinstall, Holbrooke Reformed Taliban in Afghan government not wrong, Thomson Reuters, 6 June 2010, http//in. reuters. com/article/2010/06/07/idINIndia-49088220100607, accessed 18 June 2010. 25 Anonymous Hazara refugee, 29 June 2012. 9 0 Denise Phillips, revised 25 July 2012 human lives with the Malaysian option. I support the principle suggestions made in the Asylum Seeker Resource vegetable marrows submission and the Open Letter, so will not echo their points here. 2) Help educate parliamentarians and the public as to why refugees flee their homelands. make for clear leadership in depoliticising the debate. 3) Hazaras tell me they want peace and human rights in their homeland only then will they stop fleeing. Hazaras have witnessed the brutal deaths of their family members, including fathers, mothers, siblings and children.Flight is accompanied by inten se grief, trauma and longing. Waiting years for family reunions will drive loved ones to get on boats. Those left bottomland in Afghanistan not only face destitution, but are also often brutally targeted by warlords who learn that their husband, son or associate has fled to a Western country. In a recent case, the intimidation of a young Hazara refugees family members left in Jaghori resulted in an attack on the family home, killing an eight-monthold baby. I have witnessed refugees debilitating distress as they clench years

Beh Final Project

Interview profile Interview profile Description of Interviewee Name Irina Dinova epoch 26 Race Asian Marital Status Married with deuce babyren Irina is a 26 years Old Russian female she is my sister- in-law, who I k unseasoned nine years ago after she married my br early(a). She has two children, and she plant in retail as an overnight stocker. I had audienceed Irina on 11/30/2012 at 300 PM, by asking her multiple questions. The interview was as follows 1. Do you remember information blamelessly by spy how a behavior is performed or read about how the behavior is performed?Irina sooner to go out from observing the behavior, she utter that her behavior turned from good to bad, when she started socialize with a group of Indian girls at college. She observed them smoking, drinking, and even deceit on their men. As a result, Irina started smoking, drinking, and having multiple boyfriends. Now, Irina is addicted to smoking, and drinking ca utilise by vicarious reinforcement and t hose were her Indian friends at college, who she does not socialize with now. Irina give carewise shared another story which she well-read from punishment. by and by she had gotten married at a young age (18 years old), she had conflict with the conserve that resulted on their separation. She rented her deliver house a commodious with her child, and had a strong friendship with an Afri provoke Ameri nookie guy. Time pass and her relationship with her husband started establishing, but one twenty-four hour period she was observed by her husband in the house with her friend. The husband automatically misunderstood and misjudged Irina, as he even wanted to suicide afterwards. After the incident, the husband had been admitted into the mental hospital for attempting to suicide.After a month, she got back with the husband, and as a result of her husband negative behavior and attitude toward the friendship with a man, she learned to avoid the possibility of a punishing consequence ( avoidance training), by not making a friendship with a man. In the other hand, Irina did not like the way she learned through the above go out as it result be an unforgotten implicit remembering because it had caused anxiety, embarrassment, and stress, instead she prefers to learn through operant conditioning (Irina Dinova, personalized communication, November 30, 2012). 2.Do you prefer report carding at the library, or at home with clamorous background and distraction? Irina give tongue to that she prefers learning in the library instead home with a noisy backgrounds and distraction. She mentioned that her attention is fully active magic spell studying in a the library, which is a quiet place, but where there is a distraction, her attention drops to a lower level, as she does not remembers the material studied. Irina remembers information more accurately without any distraction that unable the information to be stored in the long term memory after rehearsed and stored by t he short term memory (University of Phoenix, 2010).One thing she mentioned that she does forget some information because of proactive interference. Definitely, information link to her market-gardening, tradition, and religion will be remembered for life (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 3. Are you uncoerced to take the Myers Briggs test and report the results? If so, do you think the results are accurate? Why or why not? Irina had taken the Myers Briggs test, and her results were ESTJ (Extroverted, Sensing.Thinking, Judging), and it stated that she is really responsible and pillar of strength (University of Phoenix, 2010). Irina agreed to the results of the test and she said that she had used logic, or compensatory model to make a decision on the consequence that best describe her personality. Furthermore, she found the test reliable, stable and valid, and these are her back up time taking it, as she took the test before in 2010 with the equal results . Besides, she is always been described that way by her family and friends (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). . What are the experiences do you think had contributed most in the growth of your personality? Irina thinks that personal unconscious(p) of negative and dogmatic life experiences, collective unconscious from diversity, and unconditional positive regard (University of Phoenix, 2010), by the husband had contributed the most in the growth of her personality. She alike believe that her own believe of principles, and been a natural leader had contributed to the development of her personality as well.Additionally, Irina personality grew through socializing with group of people, rough-cut life experiences, involvement on her husbands tillage, and life responsibilities, like her two children and husband (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 5. Do you feel that you are self-monitoring in regards of your attitude? Irina mentioned th at she has low-self-monitors in regard (University of Phoenix, 2010) of her attitude. She said that she display sensitive controls congruent with her own internal states such as attitudes, beliefs, and dispositions.She fails to control her negative attitude, and she has to move in that particular moment or it will be rattling disturbance for a season (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 6. What do you feel was the strongest incline on your attitude? The strongest influence on Irinas attitude will be her parents. Irina blames her parents for her negative attitude because she was mentally and physically abused while she was a child, but she refuses to abuse her children.I have to agree with Irina, when she said that punishment is a better way to rise up your children, not abuse. another(prenominal) strongest influence of her positive attitude will be her husband. She mentioned that her husband kindness, caress, and grace had incite her to change her life fo r better, by focusing more on her family, and peruse an education, by obtaining a career on arts (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 7. What role do you think of a persons race, gender, or ethnicity play when performing that persons personality and attitudes?Irina believes that a persons race, gender, or ethnicity play a role in forming persons personality and attitude. She said that she had never experienced prejudice and variety until she had immigrated to the Unites States. She said that she was prejudiced and discriminated (University of Phoenix, 2010). at school, by a group of African Americans, and they called her names like Russian girl and say unpleasant haggle to her e. g we are not in Russia, go back to Russia, or speak English.Additionally, she was stereotype by her husband, as he said to her that her duties, as a married woman is to clean, cook, and raise the children, but she did not respect that opinion because in the U. S. culture a woman can work and be involved in business. Thus, she believes that a persons personality and attitude solely depend on the culture, norms. Irinas culture differs from her husband, as they are both from different countries. Irinas husband is Algerian and has its own culture norm, values, and believe, which differ from Irina.For instance in Irinas husband culture a woman is prohibited to drink alcohol, or smoke, while in Irinas culture is verse versa. As a result, umpteen negative attitudes formed, in both Irina and her husband, caused by culture conflicts. Another culture conflict between Irina and her husband was circumcising her baby boy. In Irinas culture, they do not circumcise, while in her husbands culture, they circumcise the child after he turns four years old, which will be a big party celebration.Irina had refused to make her husbands wish come true, which had formed a negative attitude from the situation in both Irina and her husband. She said that her husband still insisting and he will not let it go because it was something he was looking forward too, but Irina does not believe in circumcising, as she said that she will never allow it (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). 8. Do you find yourself better at tasks when intrinsically motivated or extrinsically motivated? Irina said that she is definitely motivated extrinsically (University of Phoenix, 2010) better in most cases.However, she can also work on proprieties tasks without been extrinsically motivated. Conversely, in Irinas words vernal things get old fast, Im always searching for new motivations and thinking of new ways to accomplish my tasks. (Personal communication, 11/30/2012). She also said that she hates her job, but she extrinsically motivated because of the money that will be earned. Irina referred to when she was six years old, her parents used rewards, when she obtains an A at school, but she gets punished when she obtains a lower grade.She said that the rewards and punishment had motivated her to always seek an A grade at school, and nothing less (Irina Dinova, personal communication, November 30, 2012). In conclusion, I have to say that the interview with Irina has been such a wonderful experience. It had helped me to study and learn others behavior causes like personality and attitude, by implementing information learned throughout the course materials. Irina was very patient, comfortable, open, and honest during the interview process. Therefore, I am convinced that all her answers were accurate.References University of Phoenix. (2010). Cognition and Mental Abilities. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Memory. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Motivation and Emotion. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Personality. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website University of Phoenix. (2010). Social Psychology. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BEH/225 website

Determining Databases and Data Communication Essay

appreciation technology is important when managing companies that have computer technology as their backbone. well-educated this cultivation helps the employees creditworthy for information management to make informed choices just about how to implement technology. These decisions every(prenominal)ow the manager to successfully enforce magazine and resources in apparently menacing tasks. This is shown in the two scenarios.In the first scenario, a marketing avail of a consumer electronics company is given the task of curb booths for trade shows from the beginning to the end of the show, they are also responsible to sack up any issues related to the product shipment that may arise. Knowing what information is important in making real the right tools are used. Situations alike those c whole for detailed lists of displays, equipment and booths are necessary, also how the equipment is going to be shipped and received. For exemplification if a show is to be organized in Chica go with a requirement of one booth and display. The marketing assistant musk be certain that the booth with the display must be brought to the location in time and also be taken down and shipped backed for succeeding(a) use in the company. With knowing what the tracking number from the post office is a tab dope be kept on the package done all stages of transport.Each show typically needs certain tools for entertaining information and tracking the equipment. Excel is a good way to start the tracking. However, it may not be useful with large sets of data and data that vary. A database maybe a to a greater extent useful choice because it can cut in all types of data and the marketing assistant can generate reports for future reference while making changes (changing the shipment time to make sure it arrives on time) In cases like this where only one person is responsible for a large database it is a good idea to use a database management systems that are avail equal to(p) across all department of an organization. This gives all the control to one person for several departments. This also prevents confusion when some employees come together to manage information.When the marketing assistant faces the task of maintain and managing mass data related to the show, there needs to be a decision support system (DSS) to help them in the process. A DSS can be describes as a computer system capable of assisting in the evaluation and determination of action plans by data collected from previous give careings of the company. The data is then analyzed by statistical tools for data interpretation. The process can help provide valuable insights to marketing assistant in improving future shows.In the uphold scenario, the objective is the tight-laced management of a consulting team consisting of seven members with technology. Some of them work in the office and some work from home. In order for the business to emission smoothly everyone need to be reached with equal effort. A way that this could receive is the use of a Wide Area Network or a WAN that could connect the employees across specific regions. Regardless of the employees bodily location, all employees would be able to reach the same information. Most consulting projects have unrelenting deadlines and all the employees must be allowed access to equipment like the printers and scanners connected to the network. This could force some security concerns while working on the WAN. It is possible that hackers could wear out the network and put malicious malware or viruses on the devices. This of course could be prevented with certain programs that protect against malware and viruses. A wireless connection is also a good idea when needing remote access. Wireless is similar to WAN in that it can provide access to employees to information secured in the workplace.A practical(prenominal) private network or a VPN needs to be installed to deal with concerns for privacy. A VPN is good because it withhold sensitive information from non employees by self-aggrandizing them access rights. This helps with incidents such as malware or virus program attacks which could prompt functionality. Cost and features are important factors when choosing which route to go. The information regarding to wireless networks needs to help in choosing the right wireless network can be stored in an Excel document. The price cannot be the deciding factor when purchasing. step on it and security features are also important when deciding. It is important to make a list prioritizing and listing features of the network necessary for the company. This way a wireless network can be found at a minimal cost.Knowledge of technology that are made use of in a company can go a long way in helping supervisors and managers decide upon the tools to be used in a more efficient and smart manner. In the first scenario the marketing assistant is able to use a database to organize the information need for the tra de show. The second scenario shows where WAN and wireless networking enables a consulting team to access data steadfastly and on a strict time schedule with no regards to their physical location. These scenarios show the usefulness of technology in a business setting.

Meiosis Modeling Activity Essay

scene InformationMeiosis is the puzzle out by which eukaryotic beings produce ballock and sperm having half the genetic information (haploid) of the opposite jail cellular telephones in the organisms body (diploid). You will notice round similarities to mitosis but some definite differences in pupillary reflex that result in genetic motley in the gametes as well as the offspring formed by the eventual fusion of the egg and sperm.Two of the most noted differences in meiosis are that 1) there are deuce complete divisions resulting in cardinal daughter cells and, 2) meiosis has crossing over, an even that occurs in Prophase I that increases genetic variation in the gametes. Crossing over occurs between homological chromosomes. These are the pairs of chromosomes in an organisms body that campaign genes for the same trait turn up at identical positions on the two chromosomes. Even though they carry the same gene they may, however, possess different alleles for the gene which result in different forms of the trait.Pre-Lab1. Draw a tetrad in the space infra and research laboratoryel the following centromeres, babe chromatids, homological chromosomes.2. What are the two elements of meiosis that add variation to our population? (Hint unity occurs in prophase I and the former(a) in metaphase I).3. Which of the chromosomes 2-5 could be homologous with chromosome 1? apologise your answer. I recover weigh 5 because it is the exact same as 1.Lab1. beginning(a) view the recording on my message board under secondary Learning Materials for this lab. You will need the code words from the recording for atomic number 53 of your conclusion questions. Link to recordinghttp//www.connectionslivelesson.com/p2fwrdno8yk/ 2. After you have viewed the recording, gather your compulsory materials. You will need 4 forks, 4 knives, 4 spoons, 6 preventative bands, and some twine or gearing to use as cell membrane. If you can have two different types of flatware that w ould be beat (for example 2 forks, 2 knives, and 2 spoons that are different than the other set of 2 forks, 2 knives, and 2 spoons). 3. Your model cell consists of 6 chromosomes (3 homologous pairs). Use the string to form the cell membrane for your cell(s). let down with two forks, two knives, and two spoons (one of individually from each set) inside your string cell membrane as shown in the recording. Proceed through each of the steps of meiosis using your flatware chromosomes. Use the textbook pages 324-325 for help. sortModelingInterphaseReplicate the DNA of your chromosomes by adding a second fork, knife, or spoon to each existing fork, knife, and spoon. Hold each pair of chromatids unneurotic with a rubber band (centromere). Prophase ICreate tetrads (XX) by junction homologous chromosomes (set them next to each other). Model crossing over as best you can given the model we are using. Metaphase I descent up your tetrads along the metaphase plate. Model free lance assortm ent. Anaphase IMove the homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. Telophase IYou should have three chromosomes, knife, fork, and spoon, (each composed of two chromatids) in each of your two nuclei. Cytokinesis IDivide your cell membrane so that you have two daughter cells (two string circles for cells). Prophase IICheck to compensate sure that each of your two cells contains three chromosomes made up of sister chromatids. Metaphase IILine your chromosomes up along the middle of each of your cells. Anaphase IISeparate your sister chromatids (remove rubber band holding them together). Move one sister chromatid from each chromosome to opposite sides of your cell. Telophase IIYou should now have four nuclei, with three single chromosomes in each of the cells. Cytokinesis IIDivide your cell membranes so that you have four daughter cells (use more string).Data quest 3 photos or create 3 drawings of your model as it looked in 3 different stages of meiosis as described in th e disconcert above. Indicate which stage of meiosis is shown in each photo/drawing. include the photos or a scan of the sketches when you upload your lab to the drop box. certainty (6 points)1. List the two code words that were given in the lab recording found on my message board.Chromosomes and fertilization????2. Does mitosis more well resemble meiosis I or meiosis II? Explain your answer.More like Meiosis I because it only made two cells.3. What is crossing over? When does it occur during meiosis? Why did you have clog modeling this element of meiosis using your chromosomes?Crossing over is the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. It occurs during prophase I. I had a hard eon because you cant really change the chromosomes so it was difficult to show.4. come back about your modeling. Visually, what is the major difference between the separation of chromosomes between anaphase I and anaphase IIThere were four to separat e then just two.5. What is independent assortment? When does it occur during meiosis? Howdid you model this element of meiosis?6. Which routine of meiosis, meiosis I or meiosis II, is responsible for reducing the chromosome number by half in the cell? MEIOSIS II

A Minor’s Right to Confidentiality Essay

In August of 1996 congress passed the health amends Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) patients began to see an improvement in the access and consistence of the health insurance coverage. It was not until April 14, 2003 that the privacy portion was passed aegis individualised health information. Mevery defers defend individual laws that were already in vest to protect the health information of patients. HIPAA was not intended to eliminate the res publica law but to cover that which was not addressed by state laws. The state law leave alone prevail providing it is more(prenominal) stringent than the HIPAA policy. In general, the passing of the HIPAA gave patients additional information and greater access to personal aesculapian information while protecting that same information from in book disclosure. close of the protected information that has raised controversial concerns is regarding a insignificants right to privacy and pargonntal access.Minors Rights v ersus Parental RightsHIPAA rules frust tread the authorized individuals that legally can obtain a persons private health information. HIPAA recognizes parents and guardians as personal exemplars, which permits authorization and access as appropriate with the regulations. The guidelines provide that person that has legal authority over other adult or emancipated minor shall be considered the personal representative and afforded much(prenominal) authority as relevant to the law. The second part addresses unemancipated bush league and parents or guardians, shall be regarded as personal representation and give the appropriate authority for decisions regarding a patients PHI (Mary Beth Kirven & Daniel J. Hall, 2003). There are exceptions as with any rules and those exceptions are as follows1. The minor consents to such(prenominal) health concern wait on no other consent to such health bearing assist is required by law, regardless of whether the consent of another person has besides been obtained and the minor has not requested that such person be treat as the personal representative. 2. The minor may lawfully obtain such health care benefit without the consent of a parent, guardian or other person acting in loco parentis, and the minor, a court, or another person authorized by law consents to such health care service. 3. A parent, guardian, or other person acting in loco parentis assents to an agreement of secludedity between a covered health care provider and the minor with respect to such health care service (Mary Beth Kirven & Daniel J. Hall, 2003).These exceptions provide for a minor, the ability to keep only(prenominal) specific health information as confidential from any individual which the minor chooses. In the state of Michigan, this information is protected only if for treatment of pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus or venereal malady and substance abuse (FindLaw, 2011). Benefits could be do by adding contraception to the prot ected information in the HIPAA policy as well in an effort to protect minors that reside in states that have no laws or public policy that address such issues. Teens have a right to conceal medical information only regarding pregnancy or infection of a sexually transmitted disease or actively addicted to drugs, which will then allow the countenance of privacy. This teaches teenagers that poor decision making will be rewarded with the opportunity to shuffling more decisions.Promiscuous Adolescent BehaviorSince the early 1970s girlish sexual bodily function has been in the public eye, the actual rate of activity had not changed, it only become more obvious. The average age of espousal was increasing along with the estimated life expectancy. The population was simply waiting long-lived to get married but not waiting to have sex. The media have placed these topics to the front of this nation with the various stories that seem to glamorize two sex and teen pregnancy. The United t ell aparts is a nation that has sex everywhere, most entertainment media and many marketing tools use sexuality to attract the consumer and grapple the products.Society needs education and accessibility to counter balance the photo that is forced upon them from marketers in an effort to keep the sexual content to a minimum and to have the ability to see beyond the sexual temperament of the actual products uses and its benefits. Speculation is that the awareness created through these controversial television serial publication (Teen Mom, 16 and pregnant) has contributed to the decrease in teen pregnancy. jibe to Womens Health and Health Care Reform, The United States continues to have the highest teen pregnancy rate of developed countries (Chavkin, Rosenbaum, Jones & Rosenfield, 2010). The alternative is that adolescents may feel more easygoing with the ability to obtain appropriate supplies and education, both of which have become more accessible because of state and federal laws.Legal EntanglementsUnfortunately, a recent look for was made by Indiana Republican Representative Mike Pence, pass an amendment to eliminate the Title X program. This Pence Bill is an attempt to prevent programs such as Planned Parenthood from obtaining federal funds for any rationalness (Miller, LaVaute & Heritage Media, 2011). The primary focus of this amendment was the use of pro-life tax-payers property to fund and promote spontaneous abortion. A debate over this is still on-going now at the national level, yet here locally thither are still health clinics providing the necessary services to many adolescents, including prenatal care when needed (Miller, LaVaute & Heritage Media, 2011). The controversy over the abortion service is the main factor in the attempt to remove the funding. According to Planned Parenthood, abortions that are performed in its clinics make up less than 3 percent of its services. There were 332,278 abortion procedures performed in 2009. T here were as well as 830,000 embrace exams, and nearly 4 million were tested and/or treated for sexually transmitted diseases (Miller, LaVaute & Heritage Media, 2011).Public PolicyPublic policy is the only protections that adolescents have to depend on. It will allow protection from both diseases and unwanted pregnancy, and this is limited to only specific minors in the State of Michigan. HIPAA does not pre-empt this policy as it is more stringent in well-nigh states than the HIPAA law, this is one limitation to the policy. An excerpt in the Guttmacher Institute report on public policy indicates, Although the public remains ambivalent, professional organizations familiar with the scientific evidence uniformly support the provision of reproductive health care to minors on a confidential basis. Public policy developments at the state and federal level, however, suggest that teenagers access to confidential services will remain under attack in the months and years to come (2005 ). certaintyHistory has proven that children will continue to have sex and nail down disease and become pregnant therefore laws protecting the privacy of reproductive health can actually diminish the barriers and increase access to protection for many patients. Planned Parenthood has played an intricate role in providing access to education and protection for millions of adolescents. Removing the funding for programs such as this also reduces access to education, treatment and supplies, resulting in increased diseases and increases in unwanted pregnancies that afterwards lead to a higher poverty rate. Ideally abstinence is the preferred method to prevent unwanted pregnancy and disease, however, reality shows that this is generally not the practiced method. Protection for adolescents is needed in all societies to promote obligation and growth for every individual. It is a mature and responsible decision to attend the protection and education that is needed even when access is li mited. Laws are passed to protect mankind, not adults or parents or any one population laws are created to protect any person that needs protecting, including minors.ReferencesChavkin, W., Rosenbaum, S., Jones, J., & Rosenfield, A. (2010). Womens health and health care reform The key role of comprehensive reproductive health care. Retrieved fromhttp//www.mailmanschool.org/facultypubs/womenshealthcarereform.pdf FindLaw. (2011). Michigan medical records law. Retrieved from http//law.findlaw.com/state-laws/minors-and-the-law/michigan/, http//law.findlaw.com/state-laws/minors-and-the-law/michigan/ Guttmacher Institute. (2005, November). Teenagers access to confidential reproductive health services The Guttmacher report on public policy. Retrieved from http//www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/08/4/gr080406.html Mary Beth Kirven, E., & Daniel J. Hall. (2003, June). Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 Applicability to the courts an initial assessment. Retrieved from http//www.ncsconline.org/WC/Publications/CS_PriPubHIPPA96Pub.pdf Miller, J., LaVaute, G., & Heritage Media. (2011, March). Washtenaw county Young and pregnant Part 1 Prevention. Retrieved from http//www.heritage.com/articles/2011/03/01/life/doc4d6d5ec57105e610360187.txt?viewmode=fullstory

Harvard Referencing Guide

Harvard System Referencing Guide 1. INTRODUCTION This go by sets out(p) the Harvard strategy of referencing to be used in the Thesis and other major essays submitted as part of the course taught through out the MBA program. It is important to grapheme produce material that you wish to use in your essay. While referencing is a model that is used to avoid plagiarism it also supports a strong scientific method. To build arguments and provide evidence you must reference any published resources you use. The spirit of referencing is embodied in Newtons famous 1676 quote, If I have seen supercharge it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.It means that Newtons great discoveries were made by building on the previous work of scientists. This reference guide sets out how to reference other authors work properly. For each type of material you argon referencing (e. g. books, journal articles, newspapers, internet sites), this guide presents 2 parts, how to write the reference in the text of your essay and how to write the full reference at the close of the essay. The section at the end of the essay should be called a reference section and only include those references cited in the essay.For the purposes of this guide these two sections leave alone be called in-text referencing and the reference list format. A note on paraphrasing and quoting Quotes argon direct transcriptions of text from other sources while paraphrasing uses your own words to demo others ideas. You should attempt to paraphrase where possible and only use quotes sparingly and strategically. twain paraphrasing and quoting require referencing, and quotes must refer to the page number from which they were taken (see Books). 2. generic FORMAT The Harvard system has a generic format for in-text referencing and the reference list.While this guide provides a range of examples for books, articles, Internet sources etc, the generic format below should be used where adaptation is necessary. In-text (Author, year) or Author (year) e. g. Sillince (1996) or (Sillince, 1999) Reference enumerate Books Author, (Year) Title. Place Published Publisher. e. g. Sillince, J. A. A. (1996) Business Expert Systems. Hitchin Technical Publications. Articles Author, (Year) Article title. diary Title, volume (number) pages. e. g. Sillince, J. A. A. (1999) The role of political language forms and language coherence in the organizational change process.Organization Studies, 20 (3) 485-518. 3. BOOKS The following exemplifies several in-text references for books with one, two, more than two authors, and authors cited by another author. When citing more than two authors, list all authors surnames the frontmost time, then use et al. (see example). Note the divergent formats for the in-text referencing of paraphrasing and quotes (with page number) and the complete references in the reference list. In-Text One Author The development of bureaucratization in the UK was fundamentally different from tha t of the US.The Taylorist efficiency movement occurred in the US during an expansionary period while the equivalent movement occurred in the UK during one of the worst ever recessions (Littler, 1982). Littler (1982) concludes that for these reasons the repulse movements in the UK are fundamentally different from those in the US. These differences in capitalistic development had important consequences, This affected the pattern of resistance, and British capitalism muted carries the scars of this historical conjuncture (Littler, 1982 195). Two Authors Managerial skills are a key reduce for Whetton and Camerons (1991) introductory text.

Chemistry: Displacement Reactions Essay

Objectives1. Learn how to definitive the per centum composition2. Learn how to wreak the portion using oxidation decline and double responses3. To become more familiar with the use titration techniques4. To learn how to labour the salt reveal of an quimicalBackgroundTo develop and utilize single-valued functions to determine the share composition, of ZnCI2. As well titrating with NaOH solution. After all the audition we got hta salt glamour we weighted and we got our outlets.Experiment replys.33w of Zn(OH)2 x moles Zn(OH)2/m. moles Zn(OH2) x 1molZnCI2/1 mol Zn(OH)2 x g molZnCI2/1 mol of ZnCL2 = .4531 grams of ZnCI2 .4531g of ZnCl2 x 1 moles ZnCI2/m. moles ZnCI2 x 1molZn/1 mol of ZnCI2 x 65.39 of Zn/1 mol Zn = .2174g ZnMaterials unavoidableScaleBuretteBeakerSpatulaErlenmeyer flaskPrenolpthen (color indicator)ZnCL2NaOHTubeVacuum news report filtersRubber baseQuestions1. What is the weight of a spatial relation 1982 penny?2.5 grams2. What is the per centum grunter and coat in a post 1982 penny?97.5% of surface and 2.5% of copper3. How many grams of copper and zinc are in a post 1982 penny?2.44grams of copper and 0.0625gramss of zinc4. How many moles of copper and zinc are in post 1982 pennies?0.0383moles of cooper and 0.000955moles of zinc5. Write a balanced reaction of zinc with HCl.Zn (s) + 2 HCl(aq) ====> Zn+2(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) + H2(g)ReactionZn(s) + 2 H+(aq) ====> Zn+2(aq) + H2(g)6. How many moles of HCl are compulsory to react all in all with all of the zinc in a post 1982 penny?7.46 x 10-2 mol HCl7. In a procedure create to determine the percent zinc in post 1982 pennies, 50 ml of an HCl solution was used to react (dissolve) all of the zinc in the penny. To train complete reaction, the solution contains twice as many moles of HCl that is genuinely needed. What submerging of HCl should be used?M=2.9847.4610-2 mol x 2 = .1492mol H8. In the scenario described in problem 7, what is the amount (in moles) of excess (unreacted) HCl in sol ution?.1492 moles used.0746 needed.0746 moles HCI unreacted9. How many moles of NaOH would be needed to completely react with all of the excess HCl determined in problem 8?.0746 moles HCI reacts with.0746 moles of NaOH10. As described in problem 7, a procedure was essential to determine the percent zinc in post 1982 pennies. In that procedure 50 ml of an HCl was used to react (dissolve) all of the zinc in the penny. To ensure complete reaction, the solution contains twice as many moles of HCl that is actually needed. To determine the percent zinc in the penny, the excess (unreacted) HCl was quantifyd with NaOH. Determine the concentration of NaOH needed if you want to use approximately 25 mL of NaOH to titrate the excess HCl. M = .0746 moles of NaOH/.025L NaOHM = 2.98411. Write the balanced chemical reaction of zinc with HCl (same as problem 5). Is the product of this reaction water-soluble in aqueous solution? Yes soluble Zn(s) + 2HCI (aq) = ZnCI2(aq) + H2(g)12. Write the b alanced chemical reaction of the product of the reaction described above (problem 11) with NaOH. Is the product of this reaction soluble in aqueous solution? ZnCI2 + 2NaOH = Zn(OH)2+ 2NaCIZn(OH)2 = low solubilityExpected resultsOur pass judgment results are to obtain the pink cluster in the solution period titrating. This way after taken more steps we while perchance be able to find some salt.Steps to do*In the first part of this experiment we are going to dissolve the zinc core of a penny *After that we leave the copper applications programme intact*We also by putting four nonches in the create verbally using a triangular file and placing the penny in 50ml of a predetermined concentration of HCI overnight*After that we are going to determinate the concentration needed to add 2 times the number of moles of HCI needed in the 50ml of solution *We are going to determinate the percent of copper from the mass of copper and the percent zinc by two methods1. The titration experiment2 . The precipitation experiment*Now we first got 10 ml of ZnCI2*To that we added 6 drops of our color indicator (Prenolpthen) *After that we got 50 ml NaOH solution*Than we titrate the ZnCl2 with NaOH*Until we got pink cluster*Now we put the clusters in a piece of music filter that was dripping the solution living alone the clusters *With a metro we connected a vacuum so this way we were left with only the salt*After this we put the salt in like an oven so that this could dry the salt and this wont be wet*When we took it out all we had was dry salt and we weight it and started our formulasResultsI reason the percent % of salt of Zn(OH)2. First I determinate the formulas for both, follow by cipher the atomic mass of Zn. First I had to have the weight of the salt, so I did all the procedures on top. My result for the weight of the salt was .33g and the result of the Zn was .2174. To be able to get percent I calculated by dividing 2.174 witch is the grams of Zn and 2.5 grams mu ltiplying the result by 100 = 86.994% destination and discussionDuring Experiment 8 conducted April 16 2014. I noticed the discrepancy in the % for the reaction, when titrating ZnCI2 with NaOH solution. For this experiment we did 2 trials since in the first one we did not get any clusters, but on the second trial we did get some and we got more salt than anyone else.

The Cost of Education

Joey Goodstudent English 101, Section Causal Argument Essay February 16, 2009 The significant Cost of Education It was David Henry Thoreau who said, The price of anything is the amount of spirit you transfer for it. He graduated from Harvard in 1837, tho non with a diploma. He explains, they have been foolish enough to put at the end of all(a) this earnest the old joke of a diploma. Thoreau understood that the piece of lambskin handed out at commencement means nothing more(prenominal) than the hard work, studying, and education that came before it.Today, those values are lost, and only 59% of Arizonan in high spirits tame students graduate. This number reflects changes in society, problems in schools, and students personal reasoning. Society today demands a degree, not to get ahead, but just to keep up. An article published in the July 17, 2008 Wall avenue Journal titled The Declining Value of your College Degree states that College-educated workers are more plentiful, m ore commoditized and more subject to the downsizings that used to be thepurview of blue-collar workers only.What employers expect from workers nowadays is more narrow, more abstract and less easily lettered in college. A phrase like this is very discouraging to a high schooler. When the prospect of a brighter future is taken from the table, the immediate result is why try? This attitude gives way to a sense of despondency and discouragement. A study by civic Enterprises shows that 69% of dropouts said that they were not do to work hard. The growing cost of living coupled with the license of todays youth creates a need to work, and earn money.In society today, children are growing up much faster. A chronicle by the Guttmacher Institute placed Arizona as the state having the due south most pregnancies in women aged 15-19. We fell just 9 teen pregnancies shy of first, at 104. With the average annual cost of raising a child at $17,151, its practically impossible to support a family and remain in school. This causes approximately(prenominal) parents of the child to drop out with both either workings all the succession or taking turns ceremonial the child as the other works.Problems with the schools are also large modify factors in the decision to drop out. High Schools oft have nude attendance policies that step on the toes of students otherwise willing and able to put down high school. When a student misses a set number of descriptor periods theyre simply audited. The student is not given a opportunity to catch up, or to learn what theyve missed, but are assumed to be unable to finish the course. This notion runs contradictory to Arizonas similar testing, which suggests that if a child can pass a test, theyve lettered whats necessary.The audited students are not given the chance to be tested, and show that theyve learned the necessary material despite absences. A study by Civic Enterprises shows that 47% of students gave the reason figure es are uninteresting as one of their wants for falling out. Uninteresting classes comes as a result of a strict political program to support standardized testing, and placing high value on practical subjects such as math and language, while stigmatizing creative subjects like art, drama, and dance, which would hold the fear of students otherwise bored.Teachers today are forced to stick to strict curriculums to check off that students can pass a test at the end of the class. This often limits learning techniques considered to be more interesting than others, such as working in a group on a project, or having a class-wide discussion. These actions are replaced with long, prepared lectures and quizzes. Knowledge is lost on students, who sit in class bored. Education is increasingly geared towards practicality, and academic ability. Schools will teach daily mathematics and languages classes, and only offer art or unison classes a fraction of that time.Students become bored with the subjects and have no motivation to continue attending school. If schools were to offer more fine arts students would concisely gain fascination, and in turn be more interested and motivated to go to school. Class sizes in schools are also a problem, as a large class size will limit the man-to-man time students need with their instructor to fully show what being taught. Often when a class is too large students are unable to ask questions because the instructor is busy help other students, or grading hundreds of assignments.When the class size is smaller, an instructor can get to endure particular students weaknesses and help them develop those areas. In this way, a small class size fosters a unattackableer education, and in turn, happier students who enjoy learning. Students coming to high school from junior high are faced with a completely different social situation. Cliques and groups form to exclude people, and this causes self-esteem issues. Finding friends in this revo lutionary situation can be tough for students, and feeling like an castaway at school will cause students to not want to be there.Belonging to a group will increase the chances of that students attending school. Conversely, some students get so caught up in the social aspect of high school and being a teen that they let their attendance slip, preferring to go out to lunch or hang out with friends over pass to school. Eventually, school takes the back seat to their sociability and they drop out. Peer twitch also limits those who earnestly want to succeed, but are not strong academically.Super-seniors will come back to school for another year kinda of giving up, only to be ridiculed and called stupid by other students. They soon believe the ridicule and drop out. The true cost of education is the life we exchange for it. It could be at work, struggling to support ourselves and go to school. It could be at home studying for an upcoming exam, It could be in the classroom trying to pay attention, or with fellow students, trying to make friends. With time will come the consequence of these high drop out rates. perhaps then well take action and try to stop it.