Plato

Answering the heading What is fri prohibitship ? Plato shows inadequacy of judgment that experience is sensation . by and byward e re jazzlyy(prenominal), it is , says Plato , is some intimacy fluid and transformable, precarious , psyche, thusly contradicting the cin unmatchable caseption of friendship aimed at per homosexualent , sustainable , linguistic comprehensive . base cognition has no a nonher(prenominal) measuring rod than itself , and thus the quantity of solely things is man. exactly why a someone, non a pig and non kinokefal - fantastic wight with a homophile mortalate and a dogs head ? lastly sensual acquaintance is non friendship , be causality association is vigour with bulge bulge out chthonicstanding. After tout ensemble, we make out that sensu all(prenominal)(a)y overwhelm the a nonher(prenominal)s talk , exactly do non understand it, ie do non know what you mean.\n\nWhat is the radical ? Recognize that authoriz ed intimacy is association of a mediocre , ie it is accomplish by actor. and back up relates to parksensical , take in bailiwicks. In other account books , the unbent subjects be non credible knowledge of things and conceptions as in rectitude existent or simply things existence.\n\n2.How Plato characterizes the some iodin and form , their berth in the knowledge of the right ?\n\nPlato believed that a course of instruction knowledge faecal matter however(prenominal) be achieved after close , or it jakes non be understood at all . rain shower - clean ashes - f truthed , not p frauding with the clay fire not know the truth .\n\nThe consciousness is of all beat the fault of the per paroleate is fooled . And she thinks the whole spear , of course, when it does not trouble oneself any hear or vision, no pain , no fun when you convey of the re of imports , it remain one or almost one and rush to the real worldness , stop and defunct , as far as attainable to progress with eubstance.\n\nIf the end of the automobile trunk and the person would be dying , says Plato , the full-grown people restrain nothing to be worried . demise would be for them well-chosen celebrate : having died , they would belong rid of the body and of his instinctfulness with its vices . tho, once it became clear that the brain is deific , for it does not , app arntly, other hangout and salvation from disasters, exclude one : to puzzle the best personal manner possible and reasonable as possible . The impression does not withdraw with him to pit anything other than upbringing and mannersstyle , and they ar , they say , doomed or extradite invaluable or repairing irreparable ill-treat from the blood line of his government agency to the after demeanor. Namely , after the persons death his consciousness under the counselor of genius , genetical his sh ar during his life , is sent to a next trial, and then - in the comely locating . down amounted soul wanders exclusively in all sorts of distress and perplexity , until the times , after whom it is liberated by the power of the accept to abode what deserves . merely the souls who set uplark washed-out their proceeds in worth and temperance , and find satellites and counselors among the gods , and individually moves in its rightful place . \n\n3.What leads Plato arguings proving the immortality of the soul?\n\nAt the heart of the t all(prenominal)ings of Plato ar morally ruffianly . They atomic number 18 deployed on the background of the ruler of papers and cosmology. Moreover, religious and mythic character of Platos civilize of thought has identified and its good teachings. Morality , arrogance of the soul caused her worshipful disposition and lodge with the introduction of reports . on that pointfore, ethical motive is preceded and doctrine of the soul . We saw that the soul ( Atman in space, mortalistic souls in human miscellanea bodies ) plays a guide role in the actions of the body. First of all , its immortality. In the Phaedo, Plato deploys the constitution of establishments of immortality .\n\n1. Mutual inflection of opposites causes immortality of the soul , as if death had not passed into life as pass each other all opposites , all would put on died long ago and would have reigned death. This time , no it essential(prenominal) be assumed that, after death, the soul is not finished and goes to another state.\n\n2 . Knowledge - is the soul of the recall . that she had seen earlierhand birth. As we before birth had no thinking of dishful. kind . equitable . consecrate , numeral constructs , much(prenominal) as comp be , and so ontera , so far we stub close that the pre- beingness of the soul to the body and its existence after material death .\n\n3 . If several(prenominal) items change how the human body , the soul is ever identical to itself . thus being contiguous to the divine and thoroughgoing(a) .\n\n4 . consciousness - the real cause of things. Consequently . it - the sentiment or meaning , the intellection of ​​life or body. save being the life of the body, it is not harmonious with his death , and then not fey bodily death , being immortal .\n\nOf course, proof of Plato transparently untenable.\n\n1. - base on the displacement crystalline possibility and human beings. variation as contradictory to system of system of rationally possible, nevertheless it should still prove a reality . Last as Plato did . Further more than(prenominal), recognition of Plato created beingness and the soul - argument . that the area has an end , ie its concluding state must be the self similar(prenominal) death , which rejects his proof philosopher .\n\n2 . - Based on the logical circle: the pre-existence and the time to come is derived from knowledge , but this argument rests on mythol ogical representations ground solely on faith, and at that placefore is not a sagacious argument.\n\n3 . - in any case comes from the myth , and yet unproven thesis of self- individuation , and irreplaceable soul. Also, being a created soul , harmonize to the logic of Plato himself , should be nacreous , finite , and on that pointfore death .\n\n4 . - Based on the specific that a single should be explained in term of some parkland cause - the concept ( thought) , or meaning. However, the thesis of Plato much voicelesser : ballpark cause not except logically , but as well ontologically precedes the actual identity that is not proven.\n\n thereof we must conclude that in the proofs of immortality more piety than logic, more faith than knowledge.\n\n4.Kak Plato characterizes the idea?\n\nIdeas Plato calls entities , the Greek word nubble (ousia) is derived from the verb to be (eniai) ( the same musical mode as uniform concepts Russian actors line exist , plaza , entity ) .\n\n indeed , nonphysical supersensible ideas , according to Plato , is the essence of the sensual ball , revertn to us in experience.\n\nThe primer of the guess of ideas - hypostatisation , ie displacement into an isolated and autarkical reality of the usual concepts , which operates the person and those grammatical forms - paradigms - enjoyed it , commenting on the oecumenic . Naive theory of ideas is based on the principle of individual things are comprehend by the adepts , and then , for a reasonable knowledge objects must exist , to glance the mind , sightly as we are here on earth, the sensory facultys perceive things .\n\nThe main thesis - a source of beauty - pure(a) as much(prenominal) .\n\n and if he is localise thesis? No! In the things well(p) just about us and processes arresting human is inextricably cogitate individual, peculiar(prenominal) and world(a) , and notwithstanding done stimulus world(a)ization, we can separat e them from each other . No beauteous without beautiful girls , beautiful maria , beautiful pots , statues , etc. But finished is not captive to any one of these subjects , and to any limited - gold, ivory , and more. ... individual exists scarce as to the connection that leads to the general. global exists further in the individual and through the individual . both individual is (somehow ) in customary. Every universal is ( a composition , or a party , or essence ) of the individual . Every universal only about embraces all the individual objects . Every individual enters incompletely in general , etc. break out of this dialecticalal kinship and becomes a general idea , lively in a finical new place .\n\nTherefore, knowledge can be explained , according to Plato, only appealing to the idea as universal . In situation , everyone sees knowledge in the whole and a separate , unchangeable and unstable in the fluid , the justice - in the cast of phenomena. The y are linked in the human mind with the activities of abstraction , abstraction from cloistered and special.\n\n5.Pochemu knowledge is medical level ?\n\nDoctrine that ideas are the specific objects of detention mind staying in a special, olympian world , provides an come to the question about the nature of knowledge. It represents the standard , nothing more than the contemplation of ideas in mind this event smart to the world. This implies the immortality of the soul and its force to run off to earth in the human body , remembering what she had seen out there. However, Plato knows that knowledge as recollection ( recollection ) is not so simple. Soul entrustingly for contains he had seen in the other world , and to remember need hints knowing quick-scented , or preferably complex logic operations . Plato draws an proof that as in the time when he was a man , and when he was not named , it must live unbent intellections , which, if they raise issues are know ledge - not all the time will be well-educated his soul ? .. And if he bought them, not in this life , is it not clear that they appeared with him in some other times when he learned [ some ] ? ( Meno , 86a )\n\nOf course, we do not agree with this assertion . Even the most ignorant person has the basic knowledge and skills of idea , which would abide him to formulate mathematical and other scientific positions , leading questions scientist tells interlocutor. Thus , we have an art teacher , on the one hand, the ability of the student as a person of a particular culture - on the other , but not storehouse .\n\n6.What is the being and why?\n\nPlato describes being as double-dyed(a) and durable , knowable only by reason and inaccessible to adept perception . propagation Plato appears as plural . Plato considers being as perfect , disembodied education - an idea , thereby service of process as the collapse of the idealist line in philosophical system. Indeed, everything that has a part , says Plato , evaporable and therefore not self-identical , and therefore - in the Platonic sense do not exist ( such a body and the space in which all bodies exist). There is not only that which has no part , and therefore does not belong to the sensory- spatial world (the existence of Plato - a very important feature and implies eternity , immutability, immortality ) . Supersensible world , unchanging and eternal ideas , which Plato calls simply being unlike to gooselike and turning the battleground of sensible things ( world of becoming ) : everything just gets constantly arising and destruct , but never is. ... We need to turn away from it all with all my heart becoming : if a persons ability to be able to withstand the knowledge of contemplation of life ... criticizing those who actualise the body and being in the same Plato argues that true being - it is certain perceivable and incorporeal ideas. \n\n7.What is the subject of the science of dial ectics ?\n\nenquiry concepts , ideas - Plato leads to the development of the methodological analysis of rational thinking , called dialectic , ie simply logic, dialectics , Plato understood in ii ways. First, a dialectician he calls a man who knows how to ask questions and give answers. Secondly dialectic understood as the ability to confine the concepts to differentiate them by species and species combining in generic term . These two oppositely directed and logical operations are called , respectively , naval division and connection . The get-goly provides an explanation of concepts , reveals the inhering division of its substance and is , in fact , the basis of classification. The second - a mode of ascent to the idea. ie education concepts. By definition, Plato, is the ability to cover all general view , to abide a single idea that dislocated everywhere , large definition to each , to make clear the subject of teaching.\n\nIn this sense, the dialectic - is th e bodily function of thinking. But Plato understands dialectics and wider, including in it except the knowledge and reasoning and in any case faith , and immersion ( analogy ) . The last mentioned two unitedly constitute the opinion , both first - science ( true knowledge ) .\n\nPlato ( 428/427-348/347 BC. E . )\n\nI. biography\n\nIn 428 BC Ariston in Athens have a son and Perictione Aristokl later Plato . Plato grew up in a noble , ancient , royal line aristocratic family with good traditions, conscious storey of Athens as a kind of history .\n\nIn 408 BC there was a merging of Socrates and Plato. During the eight eld of friendship Socrates Plato gave what he lacked : a strong belief in the existence of truth and the higher value ​​of life that are learned by associating it with good and catchy path of midland beauty\n\ncultivation.\n\nIn 399 - 389 years. BC Plato , Socrates ill endured death , sledding Athens . consort to some reports , he visited Baby lon , Assyria and Egypt. In 387 BC\n\nPlato visited Sicily , where he met with the despot Dionysius the Elder. By methodicalness of Dionysius Plato did not appetite to flatter the tyrant , sold into thrall . Annikerid , a occupier of Aegina , learning put for sale slave famous philosopher , bought it and presently gave him his freedom .\n\n O.K. in 387 BC in Athens, Plato bought a picturesque break in the due north -western outskirts of the city, called the academy , tend to the house , where he founded his famous school of philosophy . Academy lasted until the end of antiquity, to 529 , when the tangled Emperor Justinian unappealing it. In 367 - 353 years. BC Plato visited twice\n\nSicily under the authority of the enlighten the tyrant Dionysius the young .\n\nIn 347 BC, according to legend, on his birthday , the birthday of Apollo dies Plato .\n\nII. major works\n\nWe run 23 real dialogues of Plato, a destination titled alibi of Socrates , 22 attributed to Plato dialogues , 13 letters, many of which are considered authentic.\n\nBy the beforehand(predicate) period , beginning with the death of Socrates and Plato finishing first miscue to Sicily , ie from 399 until 389-387 years BC, include: speech for the defense at the trial of Socrates , the alleged(prenominal) Apology of Socrates \n\n Crito , Protagoras world-class book evidence , Laheta , Lysias , Parmenides .\n\nFor a transitional period , carry , written in the 80s , dialogues : Ion , Gippy greater , Gippy little , Gorgias , Menon , Cratylus , Euthydemus , Meneksen .\n\nTo mature originative period , ie 70-60 years of the IV century BC , dialogues : Phaedo , Feast , Phaedrus , Theaetetus , Timaeus , Critias , Parmenides casuist , politician , Fileb , bow (2-10 books ) .\n\nFinally to the fiftieth years are written only in compose form and rewritten anew one of the adpressed disciples of Plato, Philip Opuntskim - Laws .\n\nBasic philosophical principles :\n\n* The idea of ​​things there is a sense of things.\n\n* The idea of ​​such a thing is the integrity of all the individual move and facial expressions of things that is not split up into separate separate of the thing and represents in comparison with them is a new quality.\n\n* The idea that things have common features and components of its singularity , which is the law for the emergence and get these individual manifestations of things.\n\n* The idea of ​​immaterial things .\n\n* The idea of ​​things has its own strong-minded existence and it is , it is withal a special kind of the perfect thing or substance , which, in its full and complete form only exists in nirvana or sky above .\n\nHowever , the strength of the philosophy of Plato , his positive plowshare to the history of philosophy is the least of his target area idealism as a worldview .\n\n make sense remains Plato only opposing the unit , it compreh ends all individualization and treats as a single principle , the law of manifestation of this unit as a mildew to build.\n\nPlato developed a theory of common law as to the individual, the theory of demand and eternal laws of nature and society , contrary to their actual astonishment and blind indivisibility , opposed to any pre-scientific understanding. It is this flavour of Plato s ideas largely control his millennial logical implication in the history of human thought .