Dehydration Lab Report

vapour of 2-Methylcyclohexanol February 10, 2013 Introduction This experimentation was done to lay down the practical use of dehydration reactions and produce three diametrical harvests. Dehydration reactions are reactions that involve the leaving of an -OH or -H group resulting in the composition of a double bond between two carbons. For the experiment we utilize 2-Methylcyclohexanol as a beginning reagent to mummify and possibly form 3-methylcyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, or methylenecyclohexane.Drierite (Calcium Sulfate) was used as a drying agent to help break the alcoholic beverage and hydrogen groups from the carbons. Concentrated phosphoric acid was used as a throttle to help move the reaction towards the results motioned above. To determine the succeederfulness of the experiment and the amount of product(s) recovered, IR spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography and percent yield calculations were used. Equations and Structures 6. References 1. 18. Dehydration of 2- Met hylcyclohexanol. fundamental Chemistry Lab 2040L. XU Chemistry, n. d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. 2. Material Safety Data ragtime 2-Methylcyclohexanol. Http//www. coleparmer. com/Assets/Msds/97403. htm. Coleparmer, 19 Mar. 1998. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. 3. Material Safety Data Sheet Methylcyclohexane. apprehensionlab. com. Science Lab, 09 Oct. 2005. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. 4. Helmenstine, Anne M. , Ph. D. How to Write a LabAReport. About. com Chemistry. About. com Guide, n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. . 5. Theoretical Yield. Theoretical Yield. Ed. University of carbon monoxide gas at Boulder. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. . 7. Data Chemicals In experimentation B.P. Amount Used **Observations 2-Methylcyclohexanol 164-166C 0. 75mL neutral liquid that had resembling tincture to gasoline. Calcium Sulfate (Drierite) 1193C Half Hickman Still White mill that resembled kitty litter. Phosphoric Acid 158C Approx. 1mL Clear liquid & non-aromatic 3-Methylcyclohexene 104C N/A Colorless liquid that had akin(predicate) savor to gasoline. 1-Methylcyclohexene * 110C N/A Colorless liquid that had similar smell to gasoline. Methylenecyclohexane 102C N/A Colorless liquid that had similar smell to gasoline. *Major harvest-time **Not All Observations were noted in lab manual, many stated are from memory from the experiment. Observations It took a can of time for the Hickman Still to display any signs of condensation. The grit bath was familiarized to 60 power when 40 did not yield any viewable results. The addition of a lid to the Hickman Still seemed to expedite the inviolate process. Colorless liquid began to collect rapidly in the first section of the Hickman Still. tip of Vial without Product 4. 284 grams Weight of Vial with Product 4. 550 grams Weight of Product 0. 266 gramsTheoretical Yield 0. 63 grams Percent Yield of Product 42% of Product was Recovered GC Interpretation The GC reading showed 3 peaks that were the products and one blip that is attributed to the air in the system. The different boiling points of the different molecules in the sample cause the different peaks to be expressed in the GC. Of the 3 peaks, 1-Methylcyclohexene proved to be the most abundant product overdue its large area percentage. Percent Air Ignore Percent Methylenecyclohexane 1. 64555 = 2% Percent 3-Methylcyclohexene 17. 97600 = 18% Percent 1-Methylcyclohexene 79. 8650 = 80% IR Spectroscopy yarn of Sample Gas Chromatography Data 8. Calculations 9. Conclusions In conclusion, we were successfully able to dehydrate 2-Methlycyclohexanol to synthesize all three of the above products most notably 1-Methylcyclohexene. Adding near 1mL of 83% concentrated phosphoric acid to serve as the catalyst to the starting reagent and using calcium sulfate as a drier in the Hickman Still allowed the reaction to occur. The process of getting the products to condense on the first section of the Hickman Still took quite a while of time.After the product was collected, IR spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical make up and purity of the product. The IR reading of the product collected in resemblance to the IR of the starting reagent 2-Methylcyclohexanol showed in the 3400 cm? 1 that the OH had went from a extensive peak to a small blip. This gives evidence to the degree of successfulness of the dehydration preformed but also shows that some OH was still in the product. The hypothetical GC entropy provided for this experiment demonstrates the purity of the sample along with the percent of all(prenominal) molecule found in the product. -Methlcylcohexene proved to be the major product of the reaction due to the 80% area in the GC data and the regions expressed in the IR reading. Due to human errors such as not allowing enough time for the product to collect, using more desiccants than needed, allowing for the temperature of the sand bath to reach the boiling point of 2-Methylcyclohexanol or not retrieving the entire produc t, the percent yield was only 42%. The experiment is considered a success because all the expected products were produced and very little OH was found in the sample.